Entry 39: Surprised by Rwanda (Kigali, Rwanda)
We didn’t really know what to expect as we boarded the plane to Rwanda. What would the country look like just 15 years after the genocide? At the very least, we guessed that Rwanda would not be an easy place to travel.
We were surprised from the first moment we stepped out of the plane. The place was absolutely spotless. Unlike Kenya or Tanzania, there was no garbage lining the streets, no abandoned construction sites, and no rusted-out cars on the side of the roads. We learned that the Rwandan government requires its citizens to devote the last Saturday of every month to “community restoration.” Every month neighbors help neighbors mend fences, paint buildings, and pick up trash. In addition, the Rwandan government banned plastic bags because they were contributing to litter and so the shops use only paper bags. As a result of these policies, Rwanda is an incredibly clean country.
It was also exceedingly easy to move around. The buses ran on an actual schedule, which was a nice change from other countries in East Africa where the buses only leave when they are full (which, as we saw in Tanzania, meant 16 passengers for a 12-seater car). Most of the roads in Rwanda were paved, and even had yellow lines separating the flow of traffic! We spent a week cruising around the city on Moto-bike taxis, which would take you anywhere for 50 cents. Helmets are mandatory, so don’t worry moms, we were safe.

Getting around was so easy, we decided to hit the “New Cadallac” nightclub, one of Kigali’s hotspots.

The music was good, even if the place was more than a little cheesy. The first thing we noticed was the floor-to-ceiling mirrors that covered the entire club. The mirrors were a huge hit with Rwandan men – they seemed to prefer dancing with their reflection over any of the women in the club. You could almost hear them saying “Man, I’ve got sweet moves” as they grinded with themselves.

Although not particularly interesting, we have to mention that Rwanda has the best internet connection in all of East Africa. It was an absolute pleasure to surf the web and not wait 5 minutes for an email to open.
Overall, we found Rwanda to be the easiest country in East Africa to travel. It’s certainly not what we expected from a country that just 15 years ago suffered as its government perpetrated brutal crimes against humanity.
We had a difficult time explaining the gap between our expectations and our actual experiences. Luckily we met Stratton, a Rwandan who works at the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda (the ICTR was established in the 1990s to prosecute those responsible for the genocide). We mentioned our surprise that Rwanda was such an easy place to visit, and he told us something that helped put our entire experience into perspective.
Unlike targeted or random acts of violence, genocides are spearheaded by a government that provides funding, coordinates violence, and convinces ordinary citizens to turn on their neighbors, friends and family. Although it is counter-intuitive, Stratton explained that genocide is only possible in societies where the citizens respect the knowledge, power and authority of the government.
Rwandans tend to be rules-oriented, respectful of authority, and organized. It is these very traits that enabled the Hutu government to carry out its disastrous plans against the Tutsi in the 1990s. Just as an obedient German population internalized anti-Semitic propaganda and heeded their ruthless leader’s call for the extermination of Jews, an obedient Rwandan population accepted the demonization of the Tutsis and acceded to the government’s call for their extermination.
The Rwandans’ healthy respect for authority, which had disastrous consequences in the 1990s, still exists and carries over into their everyday activities. It helps explain why the cities are clean, the buses run on time, and the Motos observe the rules of the road. Stratton’s explanation helped us understand the incongruity between Rwanda’s recent history and the fact that Kigali seemed to be such a peaceful, comfortable, and orderly place.
Armed with his persuasive explanation, we used the rest of our time in Kigali to learn about the genocide and leave with a good idea about the horrible events that took place in Rwanda less than 20 years ago.
We started with the genocide memorial, which gave us some insight into the roots of the conflict. As many know, the majority tribe in Rwanda (the Hutu) carried out genocide against the minority tribe (the Tutsi). The roots of the conflict were sown in colonial times, when the Belgium government started to give preferential treatment to the minority Tutsi than switched allegiance to the Hutu. When Rwanda gained its independence, the new Hutu government was afraid of the opposition party formed by the Tutsi and waged an intense propaganda campaign against the Tsotsis – whom they called “crocodiles.” After decades of propaganda, the government organized death squads and encouraged people to turn against their neighbors. These death squads led to the brutal and savage death of millions of Tutsi people.

After the memorial, we went to see the Ntarama church where several thousand Tutsi had sought refuge to escape the brutality of the Hutu death squads. Even though his congregation was made up of Hutus and Tutsi, the minister of the church chose not to protect his congregation. He told the Hutu that Tutsi were hiding in his church — 3,000 Tutsi (mostly women and children) were slaughtered in his church.

As you walk into the church you see pieces of clothing and toys strewn across the pews. Along the back wall, were rows and rows of human skulls and bones. You could see that many of the skulls had been cracked by blunt objects. It was similar to pictures we have seen in books about the German concentration camps during the Holocaust.
We left Kigali with mixed impressions. On the one hand, Rwanda seemed so advanced compared to other East African countries that it was hard to imagine that this type of brutality occurred just fifteen years ago. On the other hand, we figured there’s probably more going on below the surface than we were able to discover in our short visit. The locals told us that government’s policies are designed to hide the poverty that is pervasive in the country. The roads of the cities are good, but there is no infrastructure in the rural areas. We decided to head out of the city to do our own investigation.



























































